2.3.1: Metallic Bonding: Understanding the nature of metallic bonds as electrostatic attractions between positive metal cations and a sea of delocalized electrons and recognizing the dual character of metalloids. Explaining the physical properties of metals, such as conductivity, malleability, and ductility in terms of metallic bonding.

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2.3.2: Strength of Metallic Bonds: Analyzing the factors affecting the strength of metallic bonds, including ionic radius, ionic charge, and the number of delocalized electrons. Predicting trends in bond strength across periods and down groups in the periodic table.

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2.3.3: Bonding  in Transition Elements: Identifying the enhanced metallic bonding in transition metals due to greater electron sea density and recognizing that further transition metal bonding concepts will be explored in Structure 3.1.