Learning Objectives 

1.3.1 & 1.3.2: Combustion & Incomplete Combustion:

The aim is to understand how different substances undergo combustion, distinguish between complete and incomplete combustion, and accurately write and balance their chemical equations.

1.3.3: Fossil Fuels: The aim is to describe the formation and properties of fossil fuels, identify their main types, and recognize the environmental impact of their combustion.

1.3.4: Biofuels: The aim is to explain what biofuels are, compare them with fossil fuels in terms of renewability and emissions, and apply the specific energy formula to evaluate energy released per gram of fuel.

1.3.5: Fuel Cells: The aim is to understand how fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy, describe the reactions in a hydrogen fuel cell, and introduce the concept of energy density as a comparison of energy released per unit volume of fuel.